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Windows 10 WSL 的安装和使用
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<time title="创建时间：2019-12-04 14:31:42" itemprop="dateCreated datePublished" datetime="2019-12-04T14:31:42+08:00">2019-12-04</time>
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<h1 id="Windows-10-企业版-LTSC安装-WSL"><a href="#Windows-10-企业版-LTSC安装-WSL" class="headerlink" title="Windows 10 企业版 LTSC安装 WSL"></a>Windows 10 企业版 LTSC安装 WSL</h1><p><strong>开始</strong>——><strong>设置</strong>–>搜索”<strong>启用或关闭 Windows 功能</strong>“,点击弹出”<strong>Windows 功能</strong>“对话框.</p>
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<a id="more"></a>
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<p>在弹出”<strong>Windows 功能</strong>“对话框中，找到”<strong>Windows Subsystem for linux</strong>“/“<strong>适用于Linux的Windows子系统</strong>“条目，点击选中其前面的复选框。<br>点击确定等待下载安装完成后重启.</p>
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<h1 id="手动下载适用于Linux的Windows子系统发行版安装包"><a href="#手动下载适用于Linux的Windows子系统发行版安装包" class="headerlink" title="手动下载适用于Linux的Windows子系统发行版安装包"></a>手动下载适用于Linux的Windows子系统发行版安装包</h1><p>如果 Microsoft Store 应用不可用，则可以通过单击以下链接下载并手动安装 Linux 发行版：</p>
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<pre><code>官网链接: https://aka.ms/wsl-ubuntu-1804
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百度网盘链接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1p5ZzYTeQTko-V4_dwYl_Rw 提取码: uf8k</code></pre><h1 id="安装发行版"><a href="#安装发行版" class="headerlink" title="安装发行版"></a>安装发行版</h1><h2 id="解压后直接安装-推荐"><a href="#解压后直接安装-推荐" class="headerlink" title="解压后直接安装(推荐)"></a>解压后直接安装(推荐)</h2><p>将下载的appx文件后缀名改为zip后解压到”D:\WSLUbuntu”,<br>在目录中的exe文件上右键<strong>以管理员身份运行</strong></p>
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<h2 id="命令安装"><a href="#命令安装" class="headerlink" title="命令安装"></a>命令安装</h2><p>使用 PowerShell 安装发行版。 只需导航到包含上面下载的发行版的文件夹，并在该目录中运行以下命令，其中 app_name 是发行版文件的名称。</p>
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<figure class="highlight powershell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">Add-AppxPackage .\app_name.appx</span></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
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<h1 id="初始化发行版"><a href="#初始化发行版" class="headerlink" title="初始化发行版"></a>初始化发行版</h1><p>首次运行新安装的分发版时，会打开一个控制台窗口，其中指出需要等待一两分钟时间来完成安装。<br>安装完成后，系统会提示创建新的用户帐户（及其密码）。</p>
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<h1 id="设置root密码"><a href="#设置root密码" class="headerlink" title="设置root密码"></a>设置root密码</h1><figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">sudo passwd root</span></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
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<h1 id="默认使用root用户登录"><a href="#默认使用root用户登录" class="headerlink" title="默认使用root用户登录"></a>默认使用root用户登录</h1><figure class="highlight cmd"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function">D:\<span class="title">WSLUbuntu</span>\<span class="title">ubuntu1804.exe</span> <span class="title">config</span> --<span class="title">default</span>-<span class="title">user</span> <span class="title">root</span></span></span></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
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<h1 id="Windows-10-子系统Linux重启-不重启Win10"><a href="#Windows-10-子系统Linux重启-不重启Win10" class="headerlink" title="Windows 10 子系统Linux重启(不重启Win10)"></a>Windows 10 子系统Linux重启(不重启Win10)</h1><figure class="highlight cmd"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="built_in">net</span> stop LxssManager</span></pre></td></tr><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">2</span></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="built_in">net</span> <span class="built_in">start</span> LxssManager</span></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
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<h1 id="使用"><a href="#使用" class="headerlink" title="使用"></a>使用</h1><p>启动的时候,在命令行中输入bash就可以启动.<br>另外存放在linux系统,点击exe也可以启动.两种方式启动的默认路径不一样.<br>如果安装了多个发行版,默认启动的发行版可以指定.指定方式为<br>使用<strong>wslconfig /l</strong>查看所有的发行版.<br>使用<strong>wlsconfig /s 发行版名</strong>,指定默认发行版.</p>
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<h1 id="win10内置Ubuntu-Linux换阿里源"><a href="#win10内置Ubuntu-Linux换阿里源" class="headerlink" title="win10内置Ubuntu/Linux换阿里源"></a>win10内置Ubuntu/Linux换阿里源</h1><h2 id="先用lsb-release-a查看自己的Ubuntu-Linux系统的版本"><a href="#先用lsb-release-a查看自己的Ubuntu-Linux系统的版本" class="headerlink" title="先用lsb_release -a查看自己的Ubuntu/Linux系统的版本"></a>先用<strong>lsb_release -a</strong>查看自己的Ubuntu/Linux系统的版本</h2><figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">ray@mContext:~/blog$ lsb_release -a</span></pre></td></tr><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">2</span></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">No LSB modules are available.</span></pre></td></tr><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">3</span></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">Distributor ID: Ubuntu</span></pre></td></tr><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">4</span></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">Description: Ubuntu 18.04.3 LTS</span></pre></td></tr><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">5</span></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">Release: 18.04</span></pre></td></tr><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">6</span></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">Codename: bionic</span></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
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<h2 id="备份内置源"><a href="#备份内置源" class="headerlink" title="备份内置源"></a>备份内置源</h2><figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak</span></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
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<h2 id="替换阿里源"><a href="#替换阿里源" class="headerlink" title="替换阿里源"></a>替换阿里源</h2><p>参考:<a href="https://developer.aliyun.com/mirror" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://developer.aliyun.com/mirror</a><br>用你熟悉的编辑器打开：<strong>/etc/apt/sources.list</strong><br>替换默认的<strong>archive.ubuntu.com</strong>为<strong>mirrors.aliyun.com</strong></p>
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<p>例如:Vim编辑器</p>
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<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">sudo vi /etc/apt/sources.list</span></pre></td></tr><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">2</span></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">:% s/archive\.ubuntu\.com/mirrors.aliyun.com/g</span></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
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<h1 id="更新和升级分发版的包"><a href="#更新和升级分发版的包" class="headerlink" title="更新和升级分发版的包"></a>更新和升级分发版的包</h1><figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade</span></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
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<h1 id="卸载"><a href="#卸载" class="headerlink" title="卸载"></a>卸载</h1><p>在Win10 LTSC 2019之前,卸载可以用lxrun工具,但是LTSC 2019抛弃了这个工具.因此你可以在别的地方看到很多说重装linux子系统要用lxrun的.这都是老黄历,不要采信.<br>前面提了一句,这个所谓安装其实只是注册.因而卸载的时候只要解除注册就可以.解除注册还是用刚才提到的wslconfig<br>因而卸载过程为:在命令行输入<strong>“wslconfig /u 发行版名”</strong> ,解除注册.然后删掉相应的文件夹即可.</p>
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<h2 id="windows10-的linux子系统（windows-subsystem-for-linux-WSL-文件位置"><a href="#windows10-的linux子系统（windows-subsystem-for-linux-WSL-文件位置" class="headerlink" title="windows10 的linux子系统（windows subsystem for linux)WSL 文件位置"></a>windows10 的linux子系统（windows subsystem for linux)WSL 文件位置</h2><figure class="highlight cmd"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function">C:\<span class="title">Users</span>\<span class="title">hanaxilo</span>\<span class="title">AppData</span>\<span class="title">Local</span>\<span class="title">Packages</span>\<span class="title">CanonicalGroupLimited.Ubuntu18</span>.04<span class="title">onWindows_79rhkp1fndgsc</span>\</span></span></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
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<h1 id="附-wslconfig的所有命令"><a href="#附-wslconfig的所有命令" class="headerlink" title="附:wslconfig的所有命令:"></a>附:wslconfig的所有命令:</h1><figure class="highlight cmd"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function">C:\<span class="title">Users</span>\<span class="title">hanaxilo</span>><span class="title">wslconfig</span> ?</span></span></pre></td></tr><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">2</span></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function">对 <span class="title">Windows</span> 上的 <span class="title">Linux</span> 子系统进行操作管理</span></span></pre></td></tr><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">3</span></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function"></span></span></pre></td></tr><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">4</span></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function">用途：</span></span></pre></td></tr><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">5</span></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function"> /<span class="title">l</span>, /<span class="title">list</span> [/<span class="title">all</span>]</span></span></pre></td></tr><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">6</span></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function"> 列出已注册的分发版。</span></span></pre></td></tr><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">7</span></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function"> /<span class="title">all</span> - 有选择地列出所有分发版，包括</span></span></pre></td></tr><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">8</span></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function"> 当前正在安装或卸载的分发版。</span></span></pre></td></tr><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">9</span></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function"></span></span></pre></td></tr><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">10</span></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function"> /<span class="title">s</span>, /<span class="title">setdefault</span> <<span class="title">DistributionName</span>></span></span></pre></td></tr><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">11</span></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function"> 将该分发版设为默认。</span></span></pre></td></tr><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">12</span></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function"></span></span></pre></td></tr><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">13</span></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function"> /<span class="title">t</span>, /<span class="title">terminate</span> <<span class="title">DistributionName</span>></span></span></pre></td></tr><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">14</span></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function"> 终止分发。</span></span></pre></td></tr><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">15</span></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function"></span></span></pre></td></tr><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">16</span></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function"> /<span class="title">u</span>, /<span class="title">unregister</span> <<span class="title">DistributionName</span>></span></span></pre></td></tr><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">17</span></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function"> 取消分发版注册。</span></span></pre></td></tr><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">18</span></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function"></span></span></pre></td></tr><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">19</span></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function"> /<span class="title">upgrade</span> <<span class="title">DistributionName</span>></span></span></pre></td></tr><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">20</span></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function"> 将分发版升级至 <span class="title">WslFs</span> 文件系统格式。</span></span></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
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<div class="post-toc motion-element"><ol class="nav"><li class="nav-item nav-level-1"><a class="nav-link" href="#Windows-10-企业版-LTSC安装-WSL"><span class="nav-number">1.</span> <span class="nav-text">Windows 10 企业版 LTSC安装 WSL</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-1"><a class="nav-link" href="#手动下载适用于Linux的Windows子系统发行版安装包"><span class="nav-number">2.</span> <span class="nav-text">手动下载适用于Linux的Windows子系统发行版安装包</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-1"><a class="nav-link" href="#安装发行版"><span class="nav-number">3.</span> <span class="nav-text">安装发行版</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#解压后直接安装-推荐"><span class="nav-number">3.1.</span> <span class="nav-text">解压后直接安装(推荐)</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#命令安装"><span class="nav-number">3.2.</span> <span class="nav-text">命令安装</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-1"><a class="nav-link" href="#初始化发行版"><span class="nav-number">4.</span> <span class="nav-text">初始化发行版</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-1"><a class="nav-link" href="#设置root密码"><span class="nav-number">5.</span> <span class="nav-text">设置root密码</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-1"><a class="nav-link" href="#默认使用root用户登录"><span class="nav-number">6.</span> <span class="nav-text">默认使用root用户登录</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-1"><a class="nav-link" href="#Windows-10-子系统Linux重启-不重启Win10"><span class="nav-number">7.</span> <span class="nav-text">Windows 10 子系统Linux重启(不重启Win10)</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-1"><a class="nav-link" href="#使用"><span class="nav-number">8.</span> <span class="nav-text">使用</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-1"><a class="nav-link" href="#win10内置Ubuntu-Linux换阿里源"><span class="nav-number">9.</span> <span class="nav-text">win10内置Ubuntu/Linux换阿里源</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#先用lsb-release-a查看自己的Ubuntu-Linux系统的版本"><span class="nav-number">9.1.</span> <span class="nav-text">先用lsb_release -a查看自己的Ubuntu/Linux系统的版本</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#备份内置源"><span class="nav-number">9.2.</span> <span class="nav-text">备份内置源</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#替换阿里源"><span class="nav-number">9.3.</span> <span class="nav-text">替换阿里源</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-1"><a class="nav-link" href="#更新和升级分发版的包"><span class="nav-number">10.</span> <span class="nav-text">更新和升级分发版的包</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-1"><a class="nav-link" href="#卸载"><span class="nav-number">11.</span> <span class="nav-text">卸载</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#windows10-的linux子系统（windows-subsystem-for-linux-WSL-文件位置"><span class="nav-number">11.1.</span> <span class="nav-text">windows10 的linux子系统（windows subsystem for linux)WSL 文件位置</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-1"><a class="nav-link" href="#附-wslconfig的所有命令"><span class="nav-number">12.</span> <span class="nav-text">附:wslconfig的所有命令:</span></a></li></ol></div>
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